Vitalik Buterin Discusses Privacy Applications in Cryptography

According to Foresight News, a post by c-node suggests that technologies such as MPC, tFHE, and TEEs can create privacy applications that zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs cannot achieve, although with weaker privacy strength. It is recommended that applications like payments, transfers, and voting prioritize using pure ZK. Vitalik Buterin responded by stating that ZK alone cannot provide coercion resistance in scenarios like voting. He emphasized the need to combine ZK with trusted parties, MPC, FHE, or TEE to achieve this feature. Buterin suggested that a layered architecture using ZK and FHE can enhance system security, ensuring that even if FHE is compromised, all privacy attributes except coercion resistance are retained. He speculated that this situation might apply to nearly all cryptographic applications beyond zero-knowledge proofs.