来源：登链社区
Pectra 网络升级计划于 2025 年 5 月 7 日在以太坊主网上激活，时间为 epoch 364032（UTC 时间 10:05:11）！
EIP-7702 代表了迈向广泛账户抽象的重要一步，使用户能够使用智能合约功能增强其外部拥有账户（EOA）。
这种混合方法结合了 EOA 的简易性和基于合约的账户的可编程性。在实践中，它使钱包能够支持：
交易批量处理，其中多个操作在单个交易中以原子方式执行。不再需要为“批准”和“交换”单独的交易！
Gas 赞助，允许其他人支付交易费用。当想要从一个没有 ETH 的账户进行交易时，这尤其有用。
替代身份验证，这意味着当今手机中的许多 硬件安全模块 (HSM) 都可以用于加粗通过 passkeys 等技术授权账户的操作。
支出控制，可以限制特定应用程序可以花费的代币数量，或限制钱包的每日流出量，从而提高安全性。
恢复机制，为用户提供不同的选项来保护其资产，而无需迁移到新帐户。
要使用 EIP-7702，EOA 签署一个指向特定委托地址的授权，该地址的代码它想要执行。设置完成后，该账户将获得新代码的功能（例如，批量处理、赞助、身份验证逻辑等）。由于选择委托目标会移交大量控制权，因此 EIP-7702 强制执行多项安全检查：
链特定的委托：默认情况下，委托仅在特定的链 ID 上有效，防止在不同的网络上使用相同的授权。
nonce 绑定的委托：授权可以绑定到帐户的当前 nonce，一旦 nonce 增加，就会自动使其失效。
可撤销性：EOA 的所有者始终可以创建另一个 EIP-7702 授权，以撤销或替换现有的委托代码，从而防止在出现问题时永久锁定。
Pectra 中的最后一个主要变化是 EIP-7691，它使以太坊的 blob 吞吐量翻倍！
Blob 是在 Dencun 升级 中引入的临时数据存储，L2 可以使用它向以太坊 L1 提交压缩的交易数据和证明。自上线以来，它们已将 L2 的 L1 费用降低了 10-100 倍，从而大大降低了 L2 用户交易的成本。
以太坊主网目前平均每个区块支持 3 个 blob，最多支持 6 个 blob，以适应高需求时期。使用 EIP-7691，这些数字将增加到平均 6 个和最多 9 个。
与节点无限期存储的 CALLDATA 不同，Blob 会在 4096 个 epoch（约 18 天）后从网络中删除。这限制了它们可以使用的磁盘空间量。blob 的绑定约束是带宽，因为 blob 需要通过以太坊的对等网络进行 gossip。为了抵消 EIP-7691 造成的带宽增加，Pectra 还引入了 EIP-7623，它限制了区块的最坏情况大小。
为了在不相应增加带宽要求的情况下继续扩展以太坊的数据吞吐量，我们必须从每个节点存储每个 blob 的世界转变为节点仅存储一个子集并对网络进行采样以验证剩余 blob 数据的世界。好消息是：支持此功能的工作已经在进行中！以太坊基金会研究团队的 Francesco 在他的 Devcon 主题演讲 中概述了此扩展路线图。
Pectra 网络升级将在以太坊主网上激活，时间为 epoch 364032 的开始，发生在 2025 年 5 月 7 日 UTC 时间 10:05:11。
它之前已在 Hoodi、Holesky 和 Sepolia 测试网上激活。
当运行验证器时，必须更新共识层信标节点和验证器客户端。
简而言之，不需要。
如果你使用交易所、数字钱包或硬件钱包，则无需执行任何操作，除非你被交易所或钱包提供商告知采取其他步骤。
如果你想观看升级上线，你可以加入 在线观看派对！
为了与升级兼容，请将节点的执行和共识层客户端更新到上表中列出的版本。确保你的信标节点和验证者客户端都已更新。
执行层的升级遵循 Devcon 城市名称，而共识层的升级使用恒星名称。“Pectra”是 Devcon IV 举办地布拉格 (Prague) 和金牛座 (Taurus) 星座中的一颗蓝白色巨星 Electra 的组合。
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